BUSCTL(1)

  .SH "NAME" busctl - Introspect the bus
  .SH "SYNOPSIS"
    .HP u
      busctl
       [OPTIONS...]
       [COMMAND]
       [NAME...]

  .SH "DESCRIPTION"

    .PP busctl may be used to introspect and monitor the D-Bus bus.

  .SH "OPTIONS"

    .PP The following options are understood:

      .PP --address=ADDRESS

              Connect to the bus specified by ADDRESS instead of using suitable defaults for either the system or user bus (see --system and --user options).
          .RE
          .PP --show-machine

                  When showing the list of peers, show a column containing the names of containers they belong to. See systemd-machined.service(8).
              .RE
              .PP --unique

                      When showing the list of peers, show only "unique" names (of the form :number.number).
                  .RE
                  .PP --acquired

                          The opposite of --unique — only "well-known" names will be shown.
                      .RE
                      .PP --activatable

                              When showing the list of peers, show only peers which have actually not been activated yet, but may be started automatically if accessed.

                          .RE
                          .PP --match=MATCH

                                  When showing messages being exchanged, show only the subset matching MATCH. See sd_bus_add_match(3).
                              .RE
                              .PP --size=

                                      When used with the capture command, specifies the maximum bus message size to capture ("snaplen"). Defaults to 4096 bytes.

                                  .RE
                                  .PP --list

                                          When used with the tree command, shows a flat list of object paths instead of a tree.

                                      .RE
                                      .PP -q, --quiet

                                              When used with the call command, suppresses display of the response message payload. Note that even if this option is specified, errors returned will still be printed and the tool will indicate success or failure with the process exit code.

                                          .RE
                                          .PP --verbose

                                                  When used with the call or get-property command, shows output in a more verbose format.

                                              .RE
                                              .PP --json=MODE

                                                      When used with the call or get-property command, shows output formatted as JSON. Expects one of short (for the shortest possible output without any redundant whitespace or line breaks) or pretty (for a pretty version of the same, with indentation and line breaks). Note that transformation from D-Bus marshalling to JSON is done in a loss-less way, which means type information is embedded into the JSON object tree.

                                                  .RE
                                                  .PP -j

                                                          Equivalent to --json=pretty when invoked interactively from a terminal. Otherwise equivalent to --json=short, in particular when the output is piped to some other program.

                                                      .RE
                                                      .PP --expect-reply=BOOL

                                                              When used with the call command, specifies whether busctl shall wait for completion of the method call, output the returned method response data, and return success or failure via the process exit code. If this is set to no, the method call will be issued but no response is expected, the tool terminates immediately, and thus no response can be shown, and no success or failure is returned via the exit code. To only suppress output of the reply message payload, use --quiet above. Defaults to yes.

                                                          .RE
                                                          .PP --auto-start=BOOL

                                                                  When used with the call command, specifies whether the method call should implicitly activate the called service, should it not be running yet but is configured to be auto-started. Defaults to yes.

                                                              .RE
                                                              .PP --allow-interactive-authorization=BOOL

                                                                      When used with the call command, specifies whether the services may enforce interactive authorization while executing the operation, if the security policy is configured for this. Defaults to yes.

                                                                  .RE
                                                                  .PP --timeout=SECS

                                                                          When used with the call command, specifies the maximum time to wait for method call completion. If no time unit is specified, assumes seconds. The usual other units are understood, too (ms, us, s, min, h, d, w, month, y). Note that this timeout does not apply if --expect-reply=no is used, as the tool does not wait for any reply message then. When not specified or when set to 0, the default of 25s is assumed.

                                                                      .RE
                                                                      .PP --augment-creds=BOOL

                                                                              Controls whether credential data reported by list or status shall be augmented with data from /proc. When this is turned on, the data shown is possibly inconsistent, as the data read from /proc might be more recent than the rest of the credential information. Defaults to yes.

                                                                          .RE
                                                                          .PP --watch-bind=BOOL

                                                                                  Controls whether to wait for the specified AF_UNIX bus socket to appear in the file system before connecting to it. Defaults to off. When enabled, the tool will watch the file system until the socket is created and then connect to it.

                                                                              .RE
                                                                              .PP --user

                                                                                  Talk to the service manager of the calling user, rather than the service manager of the system.

                                                                              .RE
                                                                                  .PP --system

                                                                                      Talk to the service manager of the system. This is the implied default.

                                                                                  .RE
                                                                                      .PP -H, --host=

                                                                                          Execute the operation remotely. Specify a hostname, or a username and hostname separated by @, to connect to. The hostname may optionally be suffixed by a port ssh is listening on, seperated by :, and then a container name, separated by /, which connects directly to a specific container on the specified host. This will use SSH to talk to the remote machine manager instance. Container names may be enumerated with machinectl -H HOST. Put IPv6 addresses in brackets.

                                                                                      .RE
                                                                                          .PP -M, --machine=

                                                                                              Execute operation on a local container. Specify a container name to connect to.

                                                                                          .RE
                                                                                              .PP --no-pager

                                                                                                  Do not pipe output into a pager.

                                                                                              .RE
                                                                                                  .PP --no-legend

                                                                                                      Do not print the legend, i.e. column headers and the footer with hints.

                                                                                                  .RE
                                                                                                      .PP -h, --help

                                                                                                          Print a short help text and exit.
                                                                                                      .RE
                                                                                                          .PP --version

                                                                                                              Print a short version string and exit.

                                                                                                          .RE

                                                                                                          .SH "COMMANDS"

                                                                                                            .PP The following commands are understood:

                                                                                                              .PP list

                                                                                                                    Show all peers on the bus, by their service names. By default, shows both unique and well-known names, but this may be changed with the --unique and --acquired switches. This is the default operation if no command is specified.
                                                                                                                  .RE
                                                                                                                  .PP status [SERVICE]

                                                                                                                        Show process information and credentials of a bus service (if one is specified by its unique or well-known name), a process (if one is specified by its numeric PID), or the owner of the bus (if no parameter is specified).
                                                                                                                      .RE
                                                                                                                      .PP monitor [SERVICE...]

                                                                                                                            Dump messages being exchanged. If SERVICE is specified, show messages to or from this peer, identified by its well-known or unique name. Otherwise, show all messages on the bus. Use Ctrl+C to terminate the dump.
                                                                                                                          .RE
                                                                                                                          .PP capture [SERVICE...]

                                                                                                                                Similar to monitor but writes the output in pcap format (for details, see the Libpcap File Format[1] description). Make sure to redirect standard output to a file. Tools like wireshark(1) may be used to dissect and view the resulting files.
                                                                                                                              .RE
                                                                                                                              .PP tree [SERVICE...]

                                                                                                                                    Shows an object tree of one or more services. If SERVICE is specified, show object tree of the specified services only. Otherwise, show all object trees of all services on the bus that acquired at least one well-known name.
                                                                                                                                  .RE
                                                                                                                                  .PP introspect SERVICE OBJECT [INTERFACE]

                                                                                                                                    Show interfaces, methods, properties and signals of the specified object (identified by its path) on the specified service. If the interface argument is passed, the output is limited to members of the specified interface.
                                                                                                                                  .RE
                                                                                                                                  .PP call SERVICE OBJECT INTERFACE METHOD [SIGNATURE [ARGUMENT...]]

                                                                                                                                    Invoke a method and show the response. Takes a service name, object path, interface name and method name. If parameters shall be passed to the method call, a signature string is required, followed by the arguments, individually formatted as strings. For details on the formatting used, see below. To suppress output of the returned data, use the --quiet option.
                                                                                                                                  .RE
                                                                                                                                  .PP get-property SERVICE OBJECT INTERFACE PROPERTY...

                                                                                                                                    Retrieve the current value of one or more object properties. Takes a service name, object path, interface name and property name. Multiple properties may be specified at once, in which case their values will be shown one after the other, separated by newlines. The output is, by default, in terse format. Use --verbose for a more elaborate output format.
                                                                                                                                  .RE
                                                                                                                                  .PP set-property SERVICE OBJECT INTERFACE PROPERTY SIGNATURE ARGUMENT...

                                                                                                                                    Set the current value of an object property. Takes a service name, object path, interface name, property name, property signature, followed by a list of parameters formatted as strings.
                                                                                                                                  .RE
                                                                                                                                  .PP help

                                                                                                                                    Show command syntax help.
                                                                                                                                  .RE

                                                                                                                              .SH "PARAMETER FORMATTING"

                                                                                                                                .PP The call and set-property commands take a signature string followed by a list of parameters formatted as string (for details on D-Bus signature strings, see the Type system chapter of the D-Bus specification[2]). For simple types, each parameter following the signature should simply be the parameter's value formatted as string. Positive boolean values may be formatted as true, yes, on, or 1; negative boolean values may be specified as false, no, off, or 0. For arrays, a numeric argument for the number of entries followed by the entries shall be specified. For variants, the signature of the contents shall be specified, followed by the contents. For dictionaries and structs, the contents of them shall be directly specified.
                                                                                                                                .PP For example,

                                                                                                                            s jawoll

                                                                                                                        is the formatting of a single string jawoll.
                                                                                                                            .PP
                                                                                                                            as 3 hello world foobar

                                                                                                                        is the formatting of a string array with three entries, hello, world and foobar.
                                                                                                                            .PP
                                                                                                                            a{sv} 3 One s Eins Two u 2 Yes b true

                                                                                                                        is the formatting of a dictionary array that maps strings to variants, consisting of three entries. The string One is assigned the string Eins. The string Two is assigned the 32-bit unsigned integer 2. The string Yes is assigned a positive boolean.
                                                                                                                            .PP Note that the call, get-property, introspect commands will also generate output in this format for the returned data. Since this format is sometimes too terse to be easily understood, the call and get-property commands may generate a more verbose, multi-line output when passed the --verbose option.

                                                                                                                          .SH "EXAMPLES"

                                                                                                                            .PP Example 1. Write and Read a Property

                                                                                                                              .PP The following two commands first write a property and then read it back. The property is found on the /org/freedesktop/systemd1 object of the org.freedesktop.systemd1 service. The name of the property is LogLevel on the org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager interface. The property contains a single string:

                                                                                                                            # busctl set-property org.freedesktop.systemd1 /org/freedesktop/systemd1 org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager LogLevel s debug
                                                                                                                            # busctl get-property org.freedesktop.systemd1 /org/freedesktop/systemd1 org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager LogLevel
                                                                                                                            s "debug"

                                                                                                                            .PP Example 2. Terse and Verbose Output

                                                                                                                              .PP The following two commands read a property that contains an array of strings, and first show it in terse format, followed by verbose format:

                                                                                                                            $ busctl get-property org.freedesktop.systemd1 /org/freedesktop/systemd1 org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager Environment
                                                                                                                            as 2 "LANG=en_US.UTF-8" "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin"
                                                                                                                            $ busctl get-property --verbose org.freedesktop.systemd1 /org/freedesktop/systemd1 org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager Environment
                                                                                                                            ARRAY "s" {
                                                                                                                                    STRING "LANG=en_US.UTF-8";
                                                                                                                                    STRING "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin";
                                                                                                                            };

                                                                                                                            .PP Example 3. Invoking a Method

                                                                                                                              .PP The following command invokes the StartUnit method on the org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager interface of the /org/freedesktop/systemd1 object of the org.freedesktop.systemd1 service, and passes it two strings cups.service and replace. As a result of the method call, a single object path parameter is received and shown:

                                                                                                                            # busctl call org.freedesktop.systemd1 /org/freedesktop/systemd1 org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager StartUnit ss "cups.service" "replace"
                                                                                                                            o "/org/freedesktop/systemd1/job/42684"

                                                                                                                          .SH "SEE ALSO"

                                                                                                                            .PP dbus-daemon(1), D-Bus[3], sd-bus(3), systemd(1), machinectl(1), wireshark(1)

NOTES

1.  Libpcap File Format
    https://wiki.wireshark.org/Development/LibpcapFileFormat

2.  Type system chapter of the D-Bus specification
    http://dbus.freedesktop.org/doc/dbus-specification.html#type-system

3.  D-Bus
    https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/dbus