6.5. Creating Directories

#### Linux From Scratch - Version 9.1

### Chapter 6. Installing Basic System Software

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# 6.5. Creating Directories

It is time to create some structure in the LFS file system. Create a standard directory tree by issuing the following commands:

    mkdir -pv /{bin,boot,etc/{opt,sysconfig},home,lib/firmware,mnt,opt}
    mkdir -pv /{media/{floppy,cdrom},sbin,srv,var}
    install -dv -m 0750 /root
    install -dv -m 1777 /tmp /var/tmp
    mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}{bin,include,lib,sbin,src}
    mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{color,dict,doc,info,locale,man}
    mkdir -v  /usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
    mkdir -v  /usr/libexec
    mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8}
    mkdir -v  /usr/lib/pkgconfig

    case $(uname -m) in
     x86_64) mkdir -v /lib64 ;;
    esac

    mkdir -v /var/{log,mail,spool}
    ln -sv /run /var/run
    ln -sv /run/lock /var/lock
    mkdir -pv /var/{opt,cache,lib/{color,misc,locate},local}

Directories are, by default, created with permission mode 755, but this is not desirable for all directories. In the commands above, two changes are made—one to the home directory of user `root`, and another to the directories for temporary files.

The first mode change ensures that not just anybody can enter the `/root` directory—the same as a normal user would do with his or her home directory. The second mode change makes sure that any user can write to the `/tmp` and `/var/tmp` directories, but cannot remove another user's files from them. The latter is prohibited by the so-called “sticky bit,” the highest bit (1) in the 1777 bit mask.

## 6.5.1. FHS Compliance Note

The directory tree is based on the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) (available at https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/fhs.shtml). The FHS also specifies the optional existence of some directories such as `/usr/local/games` and `/usr/share/games`. We create only the directories that are needed. However, feel free to create these directories.

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